A Theory of Aging

The free radical theory of aging is an interesting one. It states that aging is a cumulative result of oxidative damage to the cells and tissues of the body that arises primarily as a result of aerobic metabolism (Wickens, 2001). The idea of this theory is that we age because of free radical reactions. This is a theory that would explain aging in a way most people do not consider. We should take out the idea of it being unstoppable and replace it with the idea that we can slow down this process. 

            What exactly are free radicals, and how do they make us age? Free radicals are a type of unstable molecule that is made during normal cell metabolism (NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms, n.d.). If these free radicals build up, they can cause damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins which can, in turn, cause cancer or, in this theory, cause us to age. The formation of free radicals can be caused by UV light, air pollution, ionizing radiation, smoking, inflammation, and metabolism. If you have ever wondered why a smoker or someone who spends a lot of time in the sun has more visible signs of aging, this might be the solution. Free radicals cause cell damage, which, in theory, causes aging. 

            This theory has a few points of evidence. The first one is that “variation in species life span is correlated with metabolic rate and protective antioxidant activity. (Wickens, 2001)” The second is that “enhanced expression of anti-oxidative enzymes in experimental animals can produce a significant increase in longevity. (Wickens, 2001)” The third is that “cellular levels of free radical damage increase with age. (Wickens, 2001)” The fourth is that “reduced calorie intake leads to a decline in the production of reactive oxygen species and an increase in life span. (Wickens, 2001)”

             Overall this theory seems to be very believable. It has been studied, and evidence supports its validity. I think it makes so much sense that these outside sources cause free radical buildup, which then leads to cell damage and aging. It also explains why smokers and people who are in the sun age faster. Aging has always been mysterious, but after researching this topic, I think there is a high possibility that it is correct. 
            Now, how can we decrease our likelihood to age quickly. We can follow this theory and decrease the amount of free radicals we come in contact with. This includes limiting our time in the sun without protection, eating clean and healthy foods, and not participating in higher risk activities like smoking and drinking. We can focus instead on eating lots of antioxidants and lowering our inflammation. Many herbs and diets can help achieve these goals and are worth considering.

-       I am Gabby Stout, founder of Soul of the Lotus LLC. I have a Bachelor of Science in Integrative Health Sciences with an Herbalism Specialization. Please feel free to email me with any questions or shop on my website to start enjoying holistic wellness products today!

References

Beshgetoor, D., Berning, J., Moe, G., & Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2012). Wardlaw’s perspectives in nutrition. McGraw-Hill Education.

NCI dictionary of cancer terms. (n.d.). Cancer.Gov. Retrieved December 4, 2024, from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/free-radical

Wickens, A. P. (2001). Ageing and the free radical theory. Respiration Physiology, 128(3), 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-5687(01)00313-9